The UN Proposal
The United Nations proposes the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. This plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by Arab leaders.
The State of Israel is Declared
The state of Israel is declared. This leads to the first Arab-Israeli war as neighboring Arab countries invade.
Suez Crisis
Israel invades Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula but withdraws under international pressure.
Formation of the PLO
Formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), aiming to “liberate Palestine.”
The Six Day War
Israel pre-emptively attacks Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. Israel captures the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria.
Yom Kippur War
Egypt and Syria launch a surprise attack on Israel on the Jewish holy day. The war ends with a ceasefire.
Camp David Accords
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, facilitated by US President Jimmy Carter, sign a peace treaty.
First Intifada (Palestinian Uprising)
First Intifada (Palestinian uprising) against Israeli occupation.
Oslo Accords
Israel and the PLO agree on a peace process providing for Palestinian self-government.
Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty
Second Intifada
Second Intifada, marked by intense violence.
Israel Disengages from Gaza Strip
Israel unilaterally disengages from the Gaza Strip
Hamas Wins Elections
Hamas wins Palestinian legislative elections, leading to tensions with Fatah, the dominant party in the PLO
Peace Talks Collapse
The collapse of the latest round of peace talks. Gaza-Israel conflict escalates.
Israel Normalizes with Arab Countries
Israel signs normalization agreements with several Arab countries (UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco) known as the Abraham Accords.
Present: Ongoing Instability
The situation remains tense with periodic escalations in Gaza, continued Israeli settlement activity, and political instability in Palestinian territories.